Phytophthora Nejat-Spina

ABSTRACT

This project is related to the inventor, Najmeh (Setareh) Nejat, Master of Science thesis. During the research,  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  was discovered as a new species in the kingdom of Stramenopila, phylum of Oomycota, class of Pythiales, genus of  Phytophthora,  and belong to the family of Pythiaceae.  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  is a plant symptoms, detected as a root rot in sapling of  Ziziphus spina - christi,  a plant that is growing up in a small town “Kazeroon” in state of Fars in Iran.  Phytophthora Nejat - Spina  has genome sequence similarities with  Phytophthora arecae  and  Phytophthora palmivora,  and has morphological similarities with spices  Phytophthora Porri, Phytophthora Sojae,  and  Phytophthora Megasperma,  but the microbiology results showed a lots of differences with them, a comparison charts are also provided in the upcoming pages.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

1.1 Definition of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina

Phytophthora Nejat-Spina is a plant symptoms, detected as a root rot insapling of Ziziphus spina-christi, a plant that is growing up in a smalltown “Kazeroon” in state of Fars in Iran. Phytophthora Nejat-Spina wasdiscovered as a new species in the kingdom of Stramenopila, phylum ofOomycota, class of Pythiales, genus of Phytophthora, and belong to thefamily of Pythiaceae.

1.2 Microbiological Characteristics

Sporangium

-   -   papilla    -    Sporangium papilla is long papilla and Positive and varies from        2.87 to 12 μm.    -   shape    -    varying form, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, ovoid-sphericale. One        apex. Caducous sporangia.    -   size    -    The length changes from 34 to 58.88 μm and the width changes        from 19.62 to 36.37 μm.

Sporangiophore

-   -   Sporangiophore is simple sympodium, external proliferation,        un-branched, and sometimes botryose clump Sporangiophore.

Chlamydospores

-   -   Production    -    They are terminal Chlamydospores.    -   size    -    Varying from 20.92 to 38.58 μm.    -   wall thickness    -    There is no data

Sex Organs

-   -   This Spices is homotallic. Oogonia are small globose with        tapered base. The antheridia are amphigynous and average 10.36        to 16.38 μm. Also anthridia are paragunous and average 7.99 to        9.82 μm with club shaped for paragynous and spherical shapes for        amphigynous.

1.3 Special Characteristics

Multi antherudia

-   -   it is very unique.

Oospores

-   -   Range from 29.42×31.54 μm. The Oospores for this species is        aplerotic.

TABLE 1.1 Diseases caused by Phytophthora Nejat-Spina; positive meansoccupance and negative means not occupance Range of hosts Disease MalusDomestica Negative Juglans regia Negative Prunus Sp Negative Prunusdulcis Negative Lycopesicum esculentum Positive Pistacia vera PositiveCitrus aurantum Positive Mespilus germanica Positive Vicia SativaPositive Cucurbita pepo Positive Solanum melongena Positive Solanumtuberosum (potato) Positive Cucamis Sativas (Cucamber) Positive

1.4 Symptoms Indications in Some Plants

In the table 1.1 the occupance of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina has beeninvestigated and were shown. Sporangiophore is simple sympodium,external proliferation, un-branched, and sometimes botryose clumpSporangiophore.

Sporangium

-   -   papilla    -    Sporangium papilla is long papilla and Positive and varies from        2.87 to 12 μm.    -   shape    -    varying form, ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, ovoid-sphericale. One        apex. Caducous sporangia.    -   size    -    The length changes from 34 to 58.88 μm and the width changes        from 19.62 to 36.37 μm.

Picture scale 400 times of real size. Range from 29.42×31.54 μm. TheOospores for this species is aplerotic.

1.5 Comparison

In the FIG. 2.1, the Phytophthora Nejat-Spina is compared with two otherspices Phytophthora arecae and Phytophthora palmivora. In the FIG. 2.2,the Phytophthora Nejat-Spina is compared with three other spicesPhytophthora Porri, Phytophthora Sojae, and Phytophthora Megasperma.

LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Comparing the Phytophthora Nejat-Spina with two other spicesPhytophthora arecae and Phytophthora palmivora.

2.2 Comparing the Phytophthora Nejat-Spina with three other spicesPhytophthora Porri, Phytophthora Sojae, and Phytophthora Megasperma.

3.1 Sporangium with medium pedicle in solid media, picture scale 400times of real size.

3.2 Illustration of sporangium in sterile water with cannabis.

3.3 Illustration of sporangium in sterile water with cannabis.

3.4 Illustration of sporangium in sterile water with cannabis.

3.5 Illustration of Long papilla sporangium in sterile water withcannabis.

3.6 Illustration of Sporangium with medium pedicle in solid media withchlamidospore.

4.1 Illustration of Oospores with amphigynous antheridium in Carrot Agarmedia.

4.2 Illustration of chlamidospore with hyphal swelling at the bottom).

4.3 Illustration of Oogonia with tapered base.

4.4 Illustration of Oospor with paragynous antheridium.

4.5 Illustration of Aplerotic Oospores.

4.6 Illustration of Oospor with multi paragynous antheridium (that isvery unique between Phytophthora's species).

4.7 Illustration of Oospor with paragynous antheridium.

4.8 Illustration of Oospor with multi paragynous antheridium (that isvery unique between Phytophthora's species).

5.1 Illustration of terminal chlamidospore.

5.2 Illustration of terminal chlamidospore.

5.3 Illustration of terminal chlamidospore.

5.4 Illustration of chlamidospore and sporangium that observed in hemseed agar together.

5.5 Illustration of hyphal swelling.

5.6 Illustration of hyphal swelling.

5.7 Illustration of hyphal swelling.

5.8 Illustration of mycelium.

5.9 Illustration of mycelium.

5.10 Illustration of mycelium.

6.1 Illustration of cultivation samples.

6.2 Illustration of cultivation sample.

6.3 Illustration of cultivation samples, from left: 1—hemp seed agar,2—carrot agar, 3—water agar.

6.4 Illustration of cultivation samples, from up left: CMA (CORN MEDIAAGAR), CA (CARROT AGAR), PCA (POTATO CARROT AGAR), HAS (HEMP SEED AGR),WA (WATER AGAR), PARP-CMA, PDA (POTATO AGAR).

6.5 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on Zucchini, inabove pictures the upright is a healthy Zucchini and the rest of themare affected by Phytophthora Nejat Spina.

6.6 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on eggplant.

6.7 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on potato.

6.8 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on tomato plant.

6.9 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on tomato plant.

6.10 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on tomatoplant.

6.11 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on Mespilusgermanica plant.

6.12 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on Christ-thornplant.

6.13 Illustration of before of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina onChrist-thorn plant, they are healthy.

6.14 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on Christ-thornplant.

6.15 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on Christ-thornplant.

6.16 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on Christ-thornplant.

6.17 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on Christ-thornplant.

6.18 Illustration of affects of Phytophthora Nejat-Spina on pistachioplant.

1. Phytophthora Nejat-Spina